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It came as a huge shock to the health department in New York in August 1999, that they were facing an epidemic of West Nile Virus in the capital city of the United States. This is not remarkable, because it was the first time that WNV had been encountered in the USA.

In fact, it was such a shock that scientists first thought the outbreak to be St Louis Encephalitis or even a terrorist attack of some form using a virus.

However, they soon spotted it as WNF and placed the blame on the mosquito population of the area. That was in 1999 and every year since, the threat of the infection raises its head again.

WNV can kill, but it is not likely to, particularly if one is conscious of the threat and the symptoms and seeks help as soon as possible.

There are several mosquitoes that can spread this infection, but the main one is almost certainly Culex pipiens molestus, which is probably a new variant of the pipiens mosquito which was considered to only attack birds.

Pipiens is now primarily responsible for St. Louis Encephalitis and West Nile Virus in humans; Western Equine Encephalitis (in horses); Heartworm in dogs and bird malaria.

Despite this impressive list of illnesses, it is commonly referred to as ‘the house mosquito’, which appears to make light of the danger that it can carry. No one knows why it changed its habits from only birds to include man, horses and dogs.

It is thought that C. pipiens fist bites an infected bird and then bites a mammalian host, where the bird’s virus changes itself into something that can infect its new host. In this light, pipiens can be seen as a link between birds and mammals.

C. pipiens is the most prevalent mosquito in north-eastern cities in the USA and wherever it is, you can guarantee that stagnant water is not far away. Not that it has to be a lot. A single female can lay 400 eggs in a half inch of water in one day.

Therefore, if you would like to reduce your likelihood of being bitten by this (or any) mosquito, demolish their breeding grounds near your house. These include, but are not limited to: tin bins, buckets, old tyres, untended bird baths, clogged rain gutters, plastic wading pools, storm drains and catch basins, septic tanks and other foul water sources above or below ground.

If you have a water feature in your garden, populate it with guppies or goldfish, because these fish are known to like eating mosquito larvae. At the end of the year, spray your shed, garage and cellar, because they will hibernate to escape dying in the frost if they can find somewhere appropriate

In fact, the last generation of adult females mate and build body fat by feeding on carbohydrates before finding somewhere to lie dormant. Their body metabolism slows significantly and winter is spent in a state of virtual sleep. Females that survive the winter take a blood meal in the spring and lay eggs that start the summer populations.

Owen Jones, the author of this piece writes on more than a few topics, but is now involved with how to stop mosquito bite itch. If you want to know more, please go to our web site at Getting Rid of Mosquito Bites.

Were you aware that Eastern Equine Encephalitis can be transmitted to humans? It is rare, but mosquitoes can give humans EEE and at least one inhabitant of Middleborough can corroborate it. What is more EEE is worse for humans than West Nile Virus, which is spread by the same species of mosquito in the North East of the United States.

Eastern Equine Encephalitis attacks the brain and the nervous system and frequently either kills of leaves its victim in significant trouble.

The one man who is known to have been infected with EEE in NE America in August 2010, is still in an invalid chair a year afterward and there is no anticipated end to his pain.

The health authorities in close by Plymouth and Bristol counties where there were also plenty of these mosquitoes (Culex pipiens) last year have warned that this could be a bad year for them too.

They cautioned householders to begin on home defence by repairing fractured and damaged fly screens now. They have also suggested cleaning up mosquitoes’ breeding grounds.

This involves up-turning any containers that could hold water for them to breed in. Do not forget that a mosquito only needs a half inch of water to lay 400 eggs. Drill holes in flower pots and old tyres so that they cannot hold water any more.

Old tyres are cited as one of the foremost factors for the proliferation of mosquitoes and the dispersion of new species.

The next couple of weeks are the linchpin of how many mosquitoes will be around later in the summer and autumn. The more you exterminate now, the fewer there will be to breed further generations and mosquitoes may breed a new generation approximately every month.

That is 1×400x400×400 mosquitoes every quarter for every mosquito that escapes. A great-grandmother mosquito can become responsible for 64 million offspring each quarter!

These mosquitoes (C. pipiens) breed in water, but hang out in damp, dark undergrowth, so you could spray in there as well. Some local authorities have been out spraying the parks and verges, but you can do your bit by taking control of your own micro-environment - your backyard, shed and garage.

EEE has not been seen this year in the North East so far, but West Nile Virus has been observed twice already. The weather has been ideal for mosquitoes - rain followed by warm weather.

The symptoms of West Nile and Easter Equine are comparable to those of flu. The difference is that about 1% of those with WNF might die, but far more with EEE will almost certainly die. About a third will suffer permanent brain injury

People are worried by last year’s experience. For example, the authorities in Plymouth County have already received almost 10,000 requests to spray against mosquitoes. This situation can only become worse unless residents help by checking their gardens and close by waste ground for likely breeding sites and destroying them. But it is not easy, mosquitoes can breed in a waste potato chip packet, so refuse becomes a big issue too.

Owen Jones, the writer of this piece writes on more than a few subjects, but is now involved with how to stop mosquito bite itch. If you want to know more, please go to our web site at Getting Rid of Mosquito Bites.